Can Artificial Intelligence Have the Mind of Owners

 

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Author: Professor Peng Kaiping, the director of the Department of Psychology of Tsinghua University, and the Chinese director of the International Association of Positive Psychology, the artificial intelligence machine AlphaGo designed by Google, fought five times with the Go world champion, South Korean Go master Li Shishi, and won four victories and one defeat. Whether in layout, robbery, killing or final victory, AlphaGo has demonstrated its ability to surpass human chess players.

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Therefore, some people believe that the century of robots has come, and various conspiracy theory theories, doomsday theories, collapse theories, human pessimism, human thinking weakening theories and other statements have also sprung up... Obviously, in many aspects, the definition of human intelligence set by traditional psychology has begun to be surpassed by artificial intelligence, whether it is our original thinking of learning ability, memory ability, judgment ability, analysis ability, Our once proud thinking abilities in strategy, gaming, decision-making, overall planning, and operations research have gradually been overtaken by artificial intelligence.

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This is the highest level of thinking that we Chinese people used to be proud of - the extraordinary, ever-changing, unpredictable, and enviable thinking and judgment abilities of Go masters, which appear very fragile and dangerous in the face of breakthroughs in artificial intelligence centered on modern science and technology. So, what else can we be proud of in human thinking? Is it true that our human intelligence will eventually be replaced by artificial intelligence?.

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"Expecting people" is better than looking forward to the future. In fact, Martin Seligman, the father of positive psychology and professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States, discussed this problem with me three years ago. At the Third International Conference on positive psychology, he had made this new idea very clear in a keynote speech,.

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We should not call ourselves' homo sapiens', which means that our characteristics and advantages are not that our 'ability to learn, master, and apply knowledge' is stronger than other species; Current brain science research and positive psychology research have found that our human's most superior thinking ability may not be these cognitive processing abilities, because artificial intelligence may do better than our human beings in these aspects.

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Our unique and exceptional intelligence may be our human ability to "plan, envision, imagine, and create the future". To be precise, people should be referred to as' homo prospecteos'.

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What are homo prospecteos? Essentially, it means that we are living beings who yearn for the future. We constantly process, plan, imagine, and envision the future. Neuroscience has also discovered that humans have a particularly outstanding neural network called '.'.

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Although we may not be familiar with the term 'default mode network', it is actually particularly active when we daydream, imagine the future, or daydream, even when we are doing something that requires our consciousness to pay special attention to, our 'default mode network' is actually active.

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And it was also found that the activities of this network are mainly related to our processing of future information

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Can machines persuade humans no matter how powerful they are? At present, a large amount of evidence has been found that we are not limited to past organisms. Perhaps what we want to do may be largely influenced by the past, but what we actually do is not very related to the past, but rather closely related to our expectations for the future.

The former social Darwinism, Freud's theory and Marxist viewpoint all emphasize that the present and future of human beings are restricted and limited by the past - social Darwinism talks about the influence of the evolution of the past on our present; Freud talked about the impact of early human experiences on our current situation; Marxism talks about how past economic conditions have influenced our current social consciousness.

However, a large number of studies on human behavior have found that many of our human behaviors are more affected by our future pursuits, ideals, goals and aspirations. Now it is also found that the early childhood conflict as considered by psychoanalysis is basically unable to predict the development of adults' personality. What is more important is that we often change our personality by simulating, imagining, planning and creating various possibilities for the future Career, Future, and Future.

If human behavior is subject to greater expectations for the future, then the superiority of human thinking may not be its cognitive and learning abilities, but its expectations and imaginative abilities. Human consciousness is often closely related to the psychology of longing for the future. All subjectivity is actually the analysis and judgment caused by each person's different imagination, meaning, and value of the future.

The so-called free will is nothing more than our expectation, simulation, comparison of various possibilities in the future, and then making choices among these different possibilities. Therefore, the importance of free will in psychology is actually based on the expectations of various possibilities. We also found that the biggest role of the human brain is not to judge the right or wrong of past information, but to persuade and influence others.

Therefore, we positive psychologists believe that the Turing test in the past is actually a simple test; Just making it impossible for us humans to determine whether a machine is human or not is far from reflecting the highest level of artificial intelligence and human intelligence. The true Turing test depends on whether a machine can persuade us humans to do something.

Therefore, positive psychology believes that the better Turing test is to assume that if a machine can persuade us, it will really become a person. Therefore, communicating, communicating, expressing, influencing, or persuading others is our great human intelligence.

We now even believe that many psychological problems are not a form of perplexity and entanglement with past problems, but rather a perplexity and entanglement with the present or future. Do you think that the current life, the present world, and the present life are very boring? Do you think that future life and future world are equally meaningless? What is particularly terrifying is.

Do you still think that you have no ability to change it - that is the crux of various psychological problems? Big data social media research has found that this time orientation may be our greatest advantage as humans, and to some extent, it may be the direction that machine learning needs to develop in the future. Our big data research has found that the older people are, the stronger their sense of time in the past, and they miss the past more; The more satisfied and happy a person is with their life, the stronger their sense of time in the future and their longing for the future; The more responsible a person is, the stronger their sense of time in the future; The more impulsive people are, the stronger their sense of time now.

Therefore, whether a person's time perspective tends to point to their past, present, or future has a significant impact on our sense of happiness

True innovation includes "planning, vision, and persuasion of others", as well as an area closely related to our human nature of envisioning the future, which is innovation. What is innovation? Innovation is not just about "seeking novelty". Seeking novelty is about the novelty and differences of various stimuli. Children are very strong in this aspect, but true innovation must have an understanding, pursuit, and judgment of the audience and practicality.

Persuading others to accept your ideas is a particularly important skill for innovation. If it is pure novelty, but no one likes, accepts, or uses it, such a new opposite sex cannot be called innovation, which is precisely something that children cannot do. Therefore, we often say that novelty itself is not much,.

Real innovation involves "some degree of planning, longing, and persuasion towards others". My research team published a big data research report this year, which found that innovation must be a combination of "novelty and usefulness". I call it "Lenovo's network density". The closer the combination of the two, the more outstanding our innovation.

Just having novelty and no value is actually meaningless; The combination of practicality with no novelty or meaning is a great innovation, and practicality includes expectations for future reactions, plans for future markets, aspirations for future value, and persuasion towards others

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Therefore, perhaps psychologists got it wrong from the beginning. Our greatest intelligence as humans is not our learning, memory, information search, decision-making, judgment, or processing abilities. AlphaGo has proven that we humans may not be as good at these aspects as artificial intelligence generated after deep learning, which is intelligence generated based on past information

； Just like AlphaGo, it is the best judgment made by remembering and searching the chess games of thousands of human Go masters. In addition to being much stronger in terms of emotions, motivation, communication, influence, sympathy, understanding, and other aspects of human excellence, we may also surpass artificial intelligence in terms of cognition and thinking. This is us.

Creating, imagining, planning, surprise, breaking the rules, or self-deception, temptation, or even destroying these advantages for the sake of feelings and ideals may be the only way for future chess players to defeat artificial intelligence such as AlphaGo. The science always makes us human humble. I don't know whether the human advantages I understand will be surpassed by artificial intelligence one day.

Perhaps one day, human intelligence and machine intelligence will organically combine to truly produce what Nietzsche called Superman. Will this day come? (Editor: You Shiyou) An AI... Oh hehe, upload consciousness to the computer? Maybe never. Will AI rebel? What should I do? Do we have a way to prevent it?! AlphaGo has won three consecutive games: Why will robots replace humans?

Is there a cure for the second disease in Guokr42? Is Densophobia Really 'Just Pretending'? Is it obsessive-compulsive disorder that unrelated things fit seamlessly together and feel great? You're sick? It's okay~There's medicine in the fruit shell!

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